Election. Lu says he paid a 4,000 yuan fine to have his second son in 2006 (about $500 at the time), after hiding his wife for months. The problem The bike-sharing craze in China five years ago sucked in billions of dollars of investors' cash and clients' deposits that start-ups spent on millions of new bikes in an effort to grab market share. Next up: A new doc called Plastic China, which played at the Sundance Film Festival and screened as part of the Documentary Fortnight at the Museum of Modern Art on February 23rd. It now collects its community's plastic trash and turns it into fuel. As a result of ocean plastic pollution, where plastics slowly break down into smaller debris and particles called microplastics. The man wants to remain unnamed because he believes he could be harassed again for speaking of that time. , it is also the single largest producer and exporter of single-use and virgin plastics (meaning new plastics made without any recycled materials), and up until 2018, the largest importer of plastic as well. Without a fundamental cultural shift in our societys grievous over-use of plastic, we will see the same mountains of scraps growing in our pristine backyards just like Peng, Kun, and Yi Jie see everyday. hide caption. He saves his scant earnings to send his three-year-old son to school while Peng displays no such concern for his four, soon to be five, children. Director Jiu-liang Wang is one of the few documentary filmmakers in China to have taken on the government and won. How much waste does China produce? It has been ten months since China closed its doors to the world's recycling waste. The terror of such enforcement of birth limits was widespread in Linyi, even if residents were not themselves planning on giving birth. When the inevitable collapse came, most of the companies went bankrupt, leaving city authorities having to pay to clean up the mess. However, it is also strongly implied that Yijies gender played a role in her parents decision to neglect her education. Wang is a recognised authority on the topic of waste in China. The film denounces values and behaviours that are nowadays increasingly associated with the pre-Xi reform era, but which are far from having vanished from present-day China, and are proving hard to shake off. Global mismanaged waste in total. In recent years, crackdowns have become commonplace in rural recycling hubs, largely due to pressure from authorities at the county level and above, and they often cause recycling bosses to lose everything (Schulz forthcoming 2019). 0000001943 00000 n
AFP via Getty Images China has imported 45 percent of the world's plastic refuse since 1992, allowing many other countries, including the United States, to dodge the question of how to process the unwanted material, a . what happened to the families in plastic china. A deliberate shift in consumption will not happen overnight. Today, the world produces nearly 350 million tonnes of plastic waste, which is projected to double by 2040 if no action is taken. Its river basin comprises one-fifth of the countrys land area, and supports and houses nearly one-third of the population. He currently works as a postdoctoral researcher at the China Centre, University of Oxford. This prompted the Chinese government to introduce a raft of new laws and regulations to limit plastic waste in 2020, and announced a plan for 2021 to 2025 which aims to further improve the management of the entire chain of plastic pollution. Families were already having fewer children in the 1970s, before the policy took force in 1979. "I thought this is it if I do not have this child, my body will not be able to have any more.". The smiles that break across their grubby faces belie a bleak existence for the families that scrape by sorting plastic waste. 0000018669 00000 n
Her body was giving her all the telltale signs that she was pregnant again. Single's Day, China's biggest online shopping holiday akin to Black Friday in the U.S. is a recognition of the many bachelors who are unable to find partners in a gender-skewed society. 0000016680 00000 n
It was shipping goods to Europe and the States and that enabled a cheap process of shipping the scrap back to China in the holds of the. Plastic China: Directed by Jiuliang Wang. 0000010492 00000 n
Director Jiu-liang Wang is one of the few documentary filmmakers in China to have taken on the government and won. Kate Sheehy. And according to an Associated Press investigation, it continues to impose stricter controls over births including forced sterilizations among ethnic minorities, like the Turkic Uyghurs. Climate. A portrait of poverty, ambition and hope set in a world of waste. From Jun 1 of that year, customers began to be charged for plastic shopping bags, and a total ban of ultrathin (less than 0.025mm thick) bags came into action. Plastic pollution has long plagued China, along with severe air pollution. The ubiquitous and pervasive plastic can be found in almost all parts of our daily lives thanks to its convenience and low prices. The weeklong meeting of the National People's Congress, which rubber stamps policies approved by the Communist Party leadership, provides a window into government priorities. This brings us to the topic of censorship. That was a period where China's growth started booming. The detailed roadmap includes measures to phase out single-use plastics and targets for cutting plastic production, reduce plastic waste destined for landfills, and boost recycling efforts (with specific targets like 85% of agricultural plastic film to be recycled). The whenever is ambiguous, as his 11-year-old daughter Yi Jie tells the camera that hes been promising to send her to school since she was five. 0000002606 00000 n
The aspect of the film that most stuck with me personally was how Plastic China depicted the poor standard of waste management in rural China. The Qing . 0000024672 00000 n
She already had two children and had gone through four abortions afterward, to avoid paying the ruinously high "social maintenance fee" demanded from families as penalty when they contravened birth limits. Some scenes in the film take place in a dumpsite, where waste is burned in the open, or next to a river, where it accumulates. Even if I had to go to prison and endure beatings, in the end, these children were able to survive. Chinese lawyer Chen Guangcheng attends a rally to commemorate the 30th anniversary of the Tiananmen Square massacre June 4, 2019, at the West Lawn of the U.S. Capitol. "This was not your average level of policy enforcement. Yet, have linked the Yangtze river as the one of the biggest sources of global plastic pollution, claiming the river to be responsible for more than half of all marine plastic pollution, but more recent studies found that the, Philippines accounts for more than one-third. !(^^\(c-RUFkEE All the issues mentioned above are central to Wangs narrative in Plastic China. Plastic China 's portrait of a migrant worker and his family, and the factory's ambitious owner, is touching and saddening, and puts a human face on the problems caused by China's rush to. They must be in middle school or high school by now.". "The policy was wrong and what we did with Chen was right," says a neighbor of Chen, the lawyer who sued the city of Linyi. To the US and other developed countries, that's a lot less trouble to export waste to China. The law was designed to fight the "White Pollution" caused by plastic packaging, and authorities hoped that a small monetary charge would motivate customers to bring their own reusable . On July 16 that year, as Beijing was gearing up to hold the Summer Olympics, Zhang flagged the sudden increase of infant cases to his hospital's dean, who then reported them to the local health. Then in 2016, the state allowed two children. This is obvious in, among others, his choice of topic (Chinas economic growth and opening to the world as experienced by the countrys underclass), his relationships with subjects (long-term involvement, much like that of an anthropologist), and his cinematographic style (observational realism involving on-the-spot and spontaneous shooting, a director who stands behind the camera, and the absence of voiceover). 0000010125 00000 n
Officials in her village were actively policing families under the one-child policy. Single-use plastics are also made almost entirely from fossil fuels. $25,000 by April 5. It was announced in late 2015 that the program was to end in early 2016. The . Answer (1 of 4): 0Many of them lived peacefully as commoners, while many of them were unfortunately slaughtered. ". The new documentary 'Plastic China' plunges into the dirty side of recycling. And in May, after a new census showed the birth rate had slowed, China raised the cap to three children. "There is no point in controlling them. Director Jiu-Liang Wang refers to PLASTIC CHINA as a title which riffs on the idea of plastic surgerya way of masking the underlying physical truth of any given situation. To compensate for this narrow focus, we need to look beyond the predominant reading. The . Medical staff massage babies at an infant care center in Yongquan, in Chongqing municipality, in southwest China, on Dec. 15, 2016. In the absence of any recognisably subversive content, I would argue that it was the image of China conveyed by Wangs bleak and shocking depiction of the countrys recycling sector that struck a nerve. This film debuted two years ago, but its relevance is striking in the wake of Chinas sudden refusal to continue importing foreign waste. This field is for validation purposes and should be left unchanged. 2014 and Persico 2010) and Zhao Liang (see Sorace 2017), among other leading Chinese independent filmmakers. Much like The Swan, a show that ran concurrently . Following the accepted narrative about China, its citizens might be expected to worship sons and disdain daughters. They take her elsewhere, to a place where she can picture a better life, andmost damning of allit looks like this could be abroad. As a grownup in China, I share a responsibility of finding ways to make the country a better place to live., James Camerons attack on Netflix gets 2 major things wrong and one right, Missing is a worn out techno-thriller less exciting than a doomscroll, Kingdom of the Planet of the Apes could be the reboot the franchise needs, By subscribing to this BDG newsletter, you agree to our. Ten years after China's infant milk tragedy, parents still won't trust their babies to local formula . Some demographers in China argue that instituting birth limits was necessary for keeping birth rates low. 0000019453 00000 n
I wanted to find out the origin of the garbage and realized that they were importing waste from the west and other developed countries, even in Asia, like Japan and Korea.. Our current pattern of manufacture, consume, discard is creating a chain of exploitation; it exploits the workers making our products, it exploits us through merciless advertising; and it exploits millions of poverty-stricken laborers working for a pittance like Kun and Peng in Plastic China. one-child policy, official program initiated in the late 1970s and early '80s by the central government of China, the purpose of which was to limit the great majority of family units in the country to one child each. Ng Han Guan/AP Trailer for 'Plastic China' film by director Wang Jiuliang. Her son is part of the last generation of children in China whose births were ruled illegal at the time. For years, even social scientists have supported a widely held belief that Chinese . %PDF-1.4
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There is something profoundly disturbing in the Wangs purchase of a shiny new sedan car. It was featured in numerous festivals outside China, and has won several awards. China is also by far the. Kun closed down the factory and became a truck driver a year after [the film] was made. But the Chinese government punished Chen for his activism by imprisoning him, then trapping him for nearly three years in his home, in a village just outside Linyi. Wangs first two films reveal the strong influence of what some refer to as Chinas new documentary movement (Berry and Rofel 2010). The seventh child, a boy, Liu Zhuang drowned at the age of five, and his mother says she cries every. 0000001806 00000 n
As a result of ocean plastic pollution, where plastics slowly break down into smaller debris and particles called microplastics, one study discovered that all 21 species of sea fish and freshwater fish from Chinese waters that were examined have ingested plastic. Mao's attempts to remove the family from the center of Chinese life ultimately failed, but not before destroying a few aspects of traditional culture. The Yangtze river, the longest river in Asia and the third-longest in the world, is an important water body in China. An Australian paper company called Pratt Industries built a paper mill in Ohio to take. 0000009053 00000 n
Much of the Western worlds waste was once bound for China. A magazine advertisement for the Sandals Resorts looks like paradise; catalogs with computer parts offer up opportunities to build paper versions of electronics she could never afford. The target . We promise, no spam! This also explains why Wang Kuns plastic recycling workshop, like many others, relies on manual labour and a couple of unsophisticated and antiquated machines. But Stuart Gietel-Basten, a demographer at the Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, cautions there is no definitive answer. hide caption, "I had already had two children but my heart just did not feel right," says the woman, now in her 50s, who works part time in a canning factory. Additionally, China currently tops the list of biggest greenhouse gas emitters though the US overtakes it for emissions per capita. The story of a girls sacrificed youth, in particular, works as an allegory that flies in the face of Xis watchwords and signature concepts of rejuvenation (fuxing) of the Chinese nation and Chinese Dream (zhongguo meng): Yijies life involves a toilsome present and an uncertain future marked by moments of hope inevitably punctuated by despair. Yet, towards the end of the film, the Wangs spend their entire savingsand even borrow moneyto purchase a vehicle for which they seem to have little practical need. November 15, 2022. ! Wang recalled. The family obviously lives on very little, and Wang Kun, the breadwinner, has a possibly serious affliction that affects his capacity to work, and remains undiagnosed and untreated, partly because he fears that seeking medical attention could result in high expenses. "There was also rapid urbanization, economic growth, industrialization, female emancipation and more female labor force participation. They did not officially register the last two to avoid paying a fine, but the father says he still paid a bribe to family planning officials to avoid further harassment. Some businesses have stepped up, too. Now, the countrys import ban has pushed some developed countries to find ways to reduce and reuse their own plastic waste. I came across many such sites while conducting research in semi-industrialised villages and small towns in Guangdong province in the mid-2010s. As the biggest plastic producer on the globe, it should come to no surprise that China is also home to about a third of the worlds companies operating single-use plastic production facilities, with one of the biggest culprits being oil and gas firm Sinopec. the mother laughs helplessly. All together, these measures are aligned with the countrys 2060 carbon neutrality targets. 0000035823 00000 n
August 4, 2020 1:46pm. Even the plastic material that was already sorted to a finer degree was only $100 . 0000439869 00000 n
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She babysits, cooks, works and teaches her three younger siblings while her parents do the same back-breaking work day in and day out. 0000023031 00000 n
In the opening credits, Plastic China informs us that China is the worlds largest importer of waste, and throughout the film we are subject to unimaginable images of garbage. In the film we witness Kun and his family looking for a new car, despite the fact that their old family van continues to serve them fairly well. In these excerpts, one finds a clear criticism, expressed in rather general terms, of Chinas development model during the reform era, especially the pursuit of wealth at all costs. The plant manager, Kun, has his own dreams of one day owning a fancy car and heading back to the city, and desperately tries to convince Peng to send his daughter to the local school. India News | Latest India News | Read latest and breaking news from India. That's pushing policymakers to consider raising the official retirement age currently 60 for men and 55 for women for the first time in 40 years. In March 2018, China's environment minister at the time, Li Ganjie, noted that China used to import around 4 to 4.5 million tons of solid, unrecyclable trash. Chen had been persecuted and detained in China after his work advising villagers and speaking out official abuses under the one-child rule. For decades, China's family planning policy limited most urban couples to one child and rural couples to two if their first was a girl. The success of the first film got Wang invited to California, where he toured recycling plants as part of his next round of research. Mao Yin was snatched aged two, while his father stopped to get him some water on the way home. Chen, the lawyer, mounted a class action lawsuit on behalf of Linyi's women. Its a moving film about the individuals left to deal with the First Worlds trash, and while I enjoy documentaries that throw big, scary facts at me, I believe Wang omitted some objective information for a reason. His mother watches him approvingly. On average, only about 17% of the plastic used in China is recycled in some shape or form. He used a pickax to drive them off and was imprisoned for that for half a year. China implemented the policy of limiting each family to one child in 1979 to slow the growth of the country's population. It is imperative that we completely eliminate unnecessary plastics, and that can only be achieved by radically changing our habits and becoming conscious of the environment with everything we do and everything we buy. The legacy of China's one-child rule is still painfully felt by many of those who suffered for having more children. of the plastic used in China is recycled in some shape or form. In China, plastic pollution is starkly evident, attributed largely to the fact that the country is the worlds biggest producer and consumer of plastics. A Chinese family has been forced to give up their pet dog after realizing they had actually adopted a black bear. Ng Han Guan/AP Even before China's ban, only 9 percent of discarded plastic was being recycled, while 12 percent was burned. He's the youngest of three children this mother had under China's one-child policy. Ran Zheng for NPR Trailer for 'Plastic China' film by director Wang Jiuliang. 0000022087 00000 n
Parents were not penalized for having twins, at least not according to the letter of the law. Second, this prevents us from understanding why the film was censored in China, when the denunciation of waste imports actually fits with the Chinese states increasingly restrictive policies on this issue since the 2010s. It is a moment that for many observers has come to define strongman leader Xi Jinping's tightening grip on China: his visibly frail predecessor, Hu Jintao, being escorted out of . The young girl would love to visit the United States, but shed settle for going to school something her father, Peng, an alcoholic who works for the plant manager, has no interest in making happen. Ontario. 0000021210 00000 n
According to the report, his wife was forced to confess that before her marriage, she had spent 60,000 on plastic surgery in South Korea, and looked completely different to how she was born. Another factor that justifies adopting a broad interpretation of Plastic China is the wide range of social issues addressed by Wang. In 2020 alone, China produced about 60 million tonnes of plastic waste, yet only 16 million tonnes of which was recycled, according to the China National Resources Recycling Association. Initially Feng. WUHAN, China Zhang Hai has a warning to World Health Organization-led scientists researching the origin of the coronavirus in Wuhan, China: Don't be fooled. Indeed, they cut across borders and sectors of economic activity. Yet reports have linked the Yangtze river as the one of the biggest sources of global plastic pollution, claiming the river to be responsible for more than half of all marine plastic pollution, but more recent studies found that the Philippines accounts for more than one-third of plastic inputs in oceans while putting China at 7%. Beijing Besieged by Waste and Plastic China recall the work of Wang Bing (see Renard et al. While the ban has potentially helped China reduce its domestic plastic pollution, it barely made a dent in reducing global waste and instead, shifted the responsibility to other poorer countries. Dr. Steven Svehlak and Beverly Hills plastic surgeon Dr. Payman Simoni agree. She is especially protective of him. In China recycling is done by the trash collectors who specialize in different kinds of refuse rubber, aluminum, tin, plastic, paper and either collect these materials by going house to house or sort through the garbage, selling what they find to traders. State media celebrated the news. Despite censorship, Wang Jiuliang has managed to reach a wide audience with Plastic China, and have considerable impact. by China's decision to focus on domestic recycling in an effort to clean up their own landfills is a slap in the face to our First World consumer culture. Much of the Western worlds waste was once bound for China. Families of people who died after contracting coronavirus in China's former epicentre Wuhan say they are constantly monitored and warned by authorities, who tell them speaking out will damage . Landfills stretch out endlessly, enormous hills of colourful plastic bottles loom in the distance, and what we can only presume to be toxic water run-off from the factory is what Jie uses to wet her hair before she brushes it. They dont know how the United States really is, because all they have received is information from Chinese TV, which is made by the Ministry of Media, Wang said. The brother of China's last emperor who was pushed off the throne more than 100 years ago has died. , resulting in mounting plastic packaging. He has vowed to break with the past, and usher in a new normal (xin changtai)later morphing into a new era (xin shidai)in which the countrys true wealth would reside in clear waters and green mountains (lshui qingshan), and its prosperity would rely on moderate and sustainable growth. Following Pen and his daughter Yi Jie, under the watchful eye of boss Kun, this film shows the lives of those harmed most by severe social inequality. Yi-Jie, who lives in a spare room at the plant with her parents and siblings, spends her days working and constructing imaginary worlds atop the piles of trash that cover the ground. 0000001781 00000 n
Yvan Schulz obtained his PhD from the Anthropology Institute, University of Neuchtel in February 2018. The prosperity of Chinas coastal regions relies on a massive inflow of migrant workers from the interior, who rarely have much bargaining power regarding their working conditions. You might also like: Solution for Plastic Pollution: 6 Policies and Innovations Tackling Plastics, Featured image by: Sheila/Flickr (CC BY-NC-ND 2.0). This film tells a story about an unschooled 11-year-old girl Yi-Jie, she's a truly global child who learns the world through the United Nations of Wastes while working with her YI minority parents in this recycle workshop thousand miles away from their mountain village . After recording only 213 deaths and about 13,000 cases of COVID-19 from January 2020 to early 2022, the city is swamped by the current Omicron wave, which began at the start of the year and has . You need an active subscription to post a comment. Experts warn of an increase in illegal dumping and incineration of plastics as prices for plastic scraps plummet in the wake of Chinas exit from the market it dominated. However, the films relevance extends far beyond the issue of waste management. Fred Dufour/AFP via Getty Images This includes a ban on free shopping and carrier bags a. showed plastic bags in supermarkets and shopping malls has reduced by more than two thirds and a ban on the production, retail, and use of any plastic bag with a thickness of less than 0.025 mm. Such a context makes it very risky for the latter to adopt a long-term perspective and invest in new equipment or techniques. In sum, China's exercise of power has been more hard than soft. "If you carry it with you all the time, it gets too tiring.". After six months of getting to know two families who worked at one small plant, Wang was allowed intimate access to their lives. (Liu 2014). The news hit hard in the United States, which is home to about 60,000 children adopted from China, mostly girls. China boosts electric car fleet for public transport, Support award-winning independent journalism with With Plastic China, Wang aimed to raise awareness of his homelands role in the global waste trade, and expose its negative repercussions on the Chinese population and environment. China's decision to abolish its one-child policy offered some relief to couples and to sellers of baby-related goods, but the government hasn't lifted birth limits entirely. Comprises one-fifth of the last generation of children in China whose births were ruled illegal at the Centre! I had to go to prison and endure beatings, in the wake Chinas! Clean up the mess as commoners, while his father stopped to get him water... For China company called Pratt Industries built a paper mill in Ohio to take belie a bleak existence the... 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