Hamilcar defeated the confederates, killed the leaders and several of their soldiers, while he released a number of prisoners and incorporated 3,000 of the enemy into his army. Hasdrubal the Fair commanded the fleet[84] carrying supplies and elephants along the coast, keeping pace with the army. Hamilcar was a common Punic name; in fact, another general of the same name preceded him in command. When this was done in an ancient-history classroom at the University of Pennsylvania, Prof. William C. McDermott responded: "Yes, Hannibal was as black as King David." The great Carthaginian was. Like ancient Carthage, Akre Leuca was not only a military center but also a culturally-advanced city in its time. 68, 69, Punica Barcino, Goldsworthy, Adrian, The Fall of Carthage, pp95, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hamilcar_Barca&oldid=1118409183, Carthaginian commanders of the First Punic War, Short description is different from Wikidata, Articles containing Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text, Articles with unsourced statements from December 2018, Wikipedia articles incorporating a citation from the 1911 Encyclopaedia Britannica with Wikisource reference, Articles with German-language sources (de), Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0. 2 Although before his arrival the Carthaginians were faring badly by land, and sea, wherever he was present in person he never yielded . https://www.worldhistory.org/Hamilcar_Barca/. In 202 BCE, Hannibal was called back to Africa to defend Carthage against invading Roman military forces, and there he was finally defeated by Scipio Africanus at the battle of Zama. Related Content Education. HAMILCAR. The second daughter was married to Hasdrubal the Fair. It is cognate with the Arabic name Barq, Maltese word Berqa, the Assyrian Neo-Aramaic name Barkho, and the Hebrew name Barak and equivalent to the Greek Keraunos, which was borne by many commanders contemporary with Hamilcar and his son Hannibal.[3]. Hamilcar & the Barcid line would dominate the Carthaginian political & military arenas for the next 35 years. According to Cornelius Nepot, "he provided the whole of Africa with horses, weapons, and money". [117], In eight years, Hamilcar had secured an extensive territory in Hispania by force of arms and diplomacy, but his premature death in battle (228 BC) denied Carthage a complete conquest. Hamilcar commanded the Carthaginian land forces in Sicily from 247BC to 241BC, during the latter stages of the First Punic War. As Carthage no longer had the resources for a large army, he could not face the enemy in an all-out battle, but he did manage to capture Eryx in 244 BCE, which became his new base. ; Carthaginian general; commanded Carthage's forces in Sicily (247-241) during the First Punic War against Rome; traveled to Spain (237) to rebuild Carthaginian influences there; drowned during the withdrawal from the siege of Helice in 229) All his family members were employed in the army and made major contributions to . The Skaven warlord Ikrit accepted, but revealed only a clanrat . (The origins of Carthage go back to the city of Tabarka, present-day Tunisia). Spendius rallied his forces, was reinforced by a detachment largely made of Gauls under Autaritus and shadowed Hamilcar as he advanced south east, keeping to the high ground to avoid Carthaginian elephants and cavalry and harassing their enemy at every possible opportunity. He employed combined arms tactics, like Alexander and Pyrrhus,[20] and his strategy was similar to the one employed by Quintus Fabius Maximus in the Second Punic War, ironically against Hannibal, the eldest son of Hamilcar Barca, in Italy during 217 BC. This led to the Second Punic War and Hannibal taking the army across the Alps into Italy. The wily commander told them he was merely securing wealth for Carthage so that they could meet their reparation obligations to Rome. Hamilcar Barca was recalled from Sicily and he joined Hanno the Great, who had made significant conquests in Libya while Hamilcar had been in Sicily, to quash the rebellion. [29] Hamilcar continued his activities unhindered from his position for another two years, being supplied by road from Drepana,[32] although Carthaginian ships had been withdrawn from Sicily by this time and no naval raids were launched. Gisco sensibly sent the troops to Carthage in small groups with intervals in between[49] so the government could pay them off without trouble. Mathos could not, though, resist a joint army of Hamilcar and Hanno, and he was driven out of the city and defeated at Byzacium. In expanding his power to the European continent, Hamilcar reinvigorated the Carthaginian empire, regained needed resources, and prepared a base for renewing war against Rome, which his son Hannibal would famously do in the Second Punic War. Hamilcar then resigned his command but he would be needed again within months. This coin is the best representation of Hannibal. The soldiers refused to accept Hamilcar as an arbitrator, angered by his refusal to accompany his army from Sicily and retiring to Carthage as soon as the treaty with Rome was formalized, and although Carthage at this point conceded to all their demands, things soon boiled over and started the conflict known as the Mercenary War. Hamilcar's victory opened communication with Utica, and gave Hamilcar the chance to bring nearby towns under Carthaginian control by force or negotiations. The Undefeated army now created a unique problem for Carthage. Finally, when the Carthaginian Senate was unable to decide between Hamilcar and Hanno, the people's assembly left it to the army to decide on their Commander in Chief, and Hamilcar Barca was elected to sole command. He was assigned the command in Sicily in 247 in the First Punic War (see Punic Wars). Furthermore, Hamilcar allied with Hasdrubal the Fair,[80] his future son in law, to restrict the power of the aristocracy, which was led by Hanno the Great,[81] as well as gain immunity from prosecution. J.-C.) tait un gnral carthaginois actif lors de la premire guerre punique (264-241 av. [50] Hamilcar's former soldiers, who had been kept together only by his personal authority and by the promise of good pay, broke out into open mutiny once Hanno the Great tried to impose this, and marched on Carthage and encamped at Tunis. Hamilcar was in a secure enough position in Iberia to send Hasdrubal the Fair with an army to Africa to quell a Numidian rebellion in 236 BC. Hamilcar spent nine years in Spain. Hannibal Barca was one of the great generals of ancient times. The Romans responded by blockading Hamilcar, but he seems to have been able to break out regularly and continue his guerrilla tactics. The following 13 files are in this category, out of 13 total. Hamilcars victory over the mercenaries in 237 contributed to his growing political power in Carthage and led him to pursue territory in Spain as compensation for the losses to Rome. [88] Phoenician colonies were strung along the Atlantic and Mediterranean coasts of southwestern Spain and exercised some degree of control over their immediate areas, but only had trading contacts, not direct control, over the tribes of Iberia at that time. Spendius and Matho were joined by a force commanded by a Libyan chief named Zarzas, and the 50,000 strong army under Spendius moved away from Carthage. Hamilcar retired to Carthage after the peace treaty in 241 BC, following the defeat of Carthage. Hanno, accustomed to fighting Libyans and Numidians, did not anticipate any further trouble and left his army for Utica. By the winter of 238 BC, the Mercenary revolt was over. [113], Orissus, chieftain of the Oretani tribe, came to the assistance of the besieged town. The milder terms Rome had given to Carthage in the aftermath of the First Punic War, and the friendly conduct of Rome during the mercenary war might have raised the possibility of a long period of peace between the two powers, but the seizure of Sardinia destroyed any real chance of peace among equals. [65] Using tactics later made famous by Q. Fabius against Hannibal, Hamilcar's eldest son, the rebels shadowed Hamilcar's army, while moving south, harassing his soldiers and keeping to the high ground to avoid Carthaginian elephants and cavalry. All the black African looking coins have been carbon dated around the time that Hannibal was alive, but the Semitic looking coins are dated roughly a century or more after Hannibals death. His Punic name implies he is descended from Carthaginian colonists of Sardinia. The war was now becoming particularly brutal with atrocities committed on both sides. Hamilcar now had an army of 12,000 and 70 elephants with which to face the rebels. [54], The rebels held the hills to the west of Carthage and the only bridge across the Bagradas river leading to Utica. vii. No. Our publication has been reviewed for educational use by Common Sense Education, Internet Scout, Merlot II, OER Commons and School Library Journal. . Hamilcar's sons, Hannibal and Hasdrubal, had accompanied him. Hamilcar killed his prisoners and announced a policy of equal measure toward future rebel prisoners, thus ending any chance of desertion from the rebel army and the truceless war began in earnest. But now the 20,000 man army had to be paid their full due. Retrieved from https://www.worldhistory.org/Hamilcar_Barca/. The success of Hamilcar and his family in Spain, which rebuilt Carthaginian finances and created a standing army, giving Carthage the means to resist Rome. [23] The Romans had divided their forces: Consul L. Caelius Metellus was near Lilybaeum, while Numerius Fabius Buteo was besieging Drepanum at that time. Boston, Massachusetts, United States - April 20, 2013: Boston Harbor. Carthage often hauled defeated generals and admirals before the Tribunal of 100 and had them crucified, so Hamilcar probably distanced himself from the possibility of prosecution if the Roman terms turned out to be harsh enough for Carthaginian authorities to seek a scapegoat. Carthage's failure to prevent the establishment of Massalia[100] by Phocaean Greeks in 600 BC had created a rival that eventually came to dominate trade in Gaul and to plant colonies in Catalonia, at Mainke near Mlaga,[101] three colonies near the mouth of Sucro, and at Alalia in Corsica. World History Encyclopedia. Sicily. Their heavy handedness with Sardinian natives caused native Sardinians to attack and expel the mercenaries by 237 BC. More About Hamilcar: Astrological Sign: Aries: Date of birth: April 6, 1964: Religion . After Carthage's defeat by . Hamilcar Barca replied to Emperor Goblinus's topic in Imperium Romanorum. Completed Exodus Transitional Program. He was appointed commander in chief in Sicily in 247 B.C., when, after 18 years of fighting, the Carthaginian forces were at their lowest. [8] The Romans had occupied most of Sicily by 249 BC and they besieged the last two Carthaginian strongholds in the extreme west. Hamilcar's army was saved by pure luck a Numidian chieftain, Naravas, who would later marry Hamilcar's third daughter, defected with 2,000 horsemen. He then landed on the north coast of Sicily, seizing Mt. Heavy infantry formed the rearguard, and the whole army marched in a single file in battle formation. Father of Hannibal. They managed to take over all Punic territories in Sardinia. After the siege of Helice and betrayed by local allies, Hamilcar retreated and drowned while crossing a river in the winter of 229/228 BCE. [60], According to another line of thought,[61] Hamilcars army marched in three separate columns, with the war elephants placed nearest the rebel army. Entrusted with naval operations, he immediately set out to attack and ravage the coastline of Lucania and Bruttium. Home Team History on Should Black Me. found: The Encyclopedia Americana, c1992: p. 736 (Hamilcar Barca, d. 229 B.C. Rebel leaders feared mass desertions might result because of Hamilcar's policy towards prisoners. While Carthage was busy settling state affairs, Spendius and Matho decided to blockade the city from the landward side. Several office buildings, overlooking the harbor waters. Greek piracy had forced Carthage to team up with the Etruscans to drive the Greeks from Corsica, and destroy the colony at Mainke in Iberia. Was Hanno a Barca? Roman forces led by the consuls Marcus Otacilius Crassus and Marcaus Fabius Licinus achieved little against Hamilcar in 246 BC, and the consuls of 245 BC, Marcus Fabius Bueto and Atilius Bulbus, fared no better. Hannibal Barca was born in Carthage (present-day Tunisia) in approximately 247 B.C. Neither side would seek to recruit soldiers, levy tribute or build public buildings on the other power's territories. Hanno sailed to Utica in the spring of 241 BC, obtained siege equipment from the city and overran the rebel camp, the rebels fleeing before the charging Punic elephants. Hamilcar simply replied that he was fighting to gather enough booty to pay off the war indemnity. Lance Serge states that Hamilcar's family was part of the landed aristocracy of Carthage. Hamilcar Barca ( #89-A-8926 ) < Previous Employment Profile Next Employment Profile > Employment; Skills. Hamilcar aimed to attack the small rebel band holding the bridge, but Spendius led the rebel force besieging Utica to confront Hamilcar. Hamilcar's army either crossed the Straits of Gibraltar into Iberia from West Africa[88] or, having returned to Carthage after the African activities, sailed along the African coast to Gades. Hamilcar had managed to persuade the Numidian prince Naravas to defect with his cavalry force to the Carthaginian side, lured by the promise of Hamilcar's daughter for his wife. #1. Then the so-called Truceless War (also Mercenary War) broke out in 241 BCE. His first daughter was married to Bomilcar, who was a suffete of Carthage and may have commanded the Punic fleet in the Second Punic war. The subsequent Mercenary War showed that Carthage was capable of further military effort. Deprived of leadership, and unaware of the pact, the mercenaries suspected treachery; the Libyans were the first to attack Hamilcar's positions. The riches from these campaigns were channelled back to Carthage. Boston Harbor. World History Encyclopedia. [75] The Mercantile Class, whose interests were hurt by the war, and would be marginalized by the abandonment of overseas operations, also supported this faction. 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